Abstract:

Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenolic compound derived from turmeric, possesses a wide range of pharmacological activities including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial effects. However, its clinical application is significantly limited due to poor aqueous solubility, low permeability, rapid metabolism, and consequently low oral bioavailability. The present study focuses on the development and evaluation of a phytosome-based delivery system to overcome these limitations. Phytosomes are lipid-compatible molecular complexes formed by the interaction of phytoconstituents with phospholipids, which enhance drug absorption and membrane permeability.

In this study, curcumin phytosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration technique and optimized for various formulation parameters. The developed formulation was characterized using techniques such as Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) to confirm complex formation and changes in physicochemical properties. The results indicated successful formation of a curcumin–phospholipid complex, with transformation from crystalline to amorphous form.

Furthermore, the phytosome formulation demonstrated significantly improved drug release and dissolution profile compared to pure curcumin, along with optimal particle size, uniform distribution, and good stability as confirmed by zeta potential analysis. These findings suggest that phytosome technology is an effective strategy to enhance the solubility, stability, and oral bioavailability of curcumin. The study concludes that curcumin phytosomes hold promising potential for improved therapeutic efficacy and can be extended to other poorly bioavailable phytoconstituents.